mardi 30 novembre 2010

Cartola : il y a trente ans quand mourait son poète, tout Mangueira pleurait

Aujourd'hui, 30 novembre, est le trentième anniversaire de la mort de Cartola, Angenor de Oliveira de son nom officiel. Il y a deux ans, était fêté son centenaire posthume alors que dans quelques jours, c'est celui de Noel Rosa que l'on célébrera. Noel Rosa que Cartola hébergeait parfois dans sa maison de Mangueira et avec qui il composa quelques sambas.

Cartola, ce sont les deux faces du samba en un seul homme. A la fois, un homme essentiel dans l'histoire du carnaval carioca, puisqu'il fait partie des fondateurs, en avril 1929, de l'école de samba de la Mangueira, la plus célèbre d'entre toutes, et également l'auteur de quelques uns des morceaux les plus bouleversants et tristes qui soient, à l'image de "O mundo é um moinho", que nous avons choisi aujourd'hui pour lui rendre hommage.

Un jour prochain, nous essaierons de proposer un portrait détaillé de Cartola mais, aujourd'hui, pour évoquer celui que de nombreux Brésiliens considèrent sans hésitation comme le plus grand sambiste de l'Histoire, et bien que les images de Cartola soient assez rares sur la toile, j'ai cherché à ce qu'on le découvre sous un jour inhabituel. Ainsi, sur cette photo, figure-t-il sans ses légendaires lunettes noires, les "Oculos escuros de Cartola", titre et sujet d'une chanson de Max de Castro (pas sa meilleure, je le concède), qu'il ne quittait qu'exceptionnellement.

Ou aussi cette vidéo émouvante où il retrouve son père, après quarante ans sans s'être parlés et où il lui demande ce qu'il veut qu'il lui joue. Le père choisit donc "O Mundo é um moinho".

La narrateur du morceau s'adresse à la femme qui l'a quitté et, en poète, lui donne cette leçon de vie, à l'aide de cette métaphore d'une violence inouïe. Le monde est un moulin.

"Ecoute-moi bien, mon amour
Prête attention, le Monde est un moulin
qui va broyer tes rêves, si minables,
réduire tes illusions en poudre"

"Ouça-me bem, amor
Preste atenção, o mundo é um moinho
Vai triturar teus sonhos, tão mesquinho.
Vai reduzir as ilusões a pó"

A voir ainsi Cartola et son père côte-à-côte, on pourrait presque se demander lequel est le plus vieux des deux. A la fin, Herminio Bello de Carvalho, qui fut un de ses proches, explique qu'au-delà du plaisir des retrouvailles ce fut un moment difficile pour Cartola car, endetté et le Zicartola fermé, il dut, à cette époque, retourner vivre un temps chez son père, situation humiliante à son âge...


Pourtant, malgré le sentiment douloureux qui l'habite quand il joue et chante pour ce père si longtemps absent, Cartola a ce petit sourire aux lèvres. Même si, au Brésil et dans le samba en particulier, on a tendance à dire que le sourire est une politesse qui masque le désespoir, je tenais aussi à montrer Cartola d'humeur légère. Oubliée la longue traversée du désert, l'anonymat à exercer des petits boulots, après la gloire des années trente... A partir de son retour sur la scène musicale, à la fin des années cinquante, Cartola semble revivre...

Il est amoureux de Dona Zica qu'il épouse et, ensemble, ils ouvrent un bar-restaurant qui devient vite fameux, le Zicartola, où le tout Rio du samba et de la bossa nova se précipite. Dona Zica est aux fourneaux, Cartola joue les maîtres de cérémonie. Pour l'anecdote, c'est au milieu de cette effervescence, qu'un discret jeune homme fera ses premiers pas sur scène. Il s'y présente sous le nom de Paulo César. Le journaliste Sergio Cabral lui expliquera subito qu'il lui faudrait prendre un vrai nom de sambiste s'il voulait s'imposer : il deviendra donc... Paulinho da Viola. Quant à Cartola, il lui faudra attendre ses soixante-cinq ans pour qu'il enregistre un premier disque sous son nom.

Ricardo Cravo Albin, auteur du célèbre dictionnaire de la musique brésilienne, qui l'avait bien connu, décrivait Cartola comme un "maître de délicatesse". Malgré sa mise modeste, il dégageait une vraie noblesse... Il était "extrêmement poli et discrètement affable, comme il convient à un prince".

Certes, de son vivant, il bénéficia d'une vraie reconnaissance mais, en bon "poète maudit", Cartola n'a jamais été autant glorifié, loué et fêté que depuis sa mort. Aussi préférons-nous cet hommage qui lui est rendu par le Clube do Samba de João Nogueira et auquel il est convié. Bien entouré, il se voir remettre un titre de membre honorifique pour services rendus à la cause. Le plus bel hommage à Cartola ne pouvait venir que des sambistes eux-mêmes...

67 commentaires:

  1. Un bien bel hommage au grand Cartola, bravo !

    J'avais une autre explication sur l'origine de la chanson O Mundo é um moinho, carrément encore plus triste - mais la vie de Cartola a été rythmée par le drame et les misères humaines.

    Il aurait écrit cette chanson pour sa propre fille le jour où il découvrit qu'elle se prostituait. Il en connaissait un rayon sur le sujet, pour avoir beaucoup fréquenté les bordels dans les années 30 et 40. D'où les paroles très sombres et la fin de la chanson :

    "Ecoute moi ma chérie
    De chaque rencontre tu ne tireras que le cynisme,
    Quand tu le comprendras tu seras au bord du précipice,
    Devant l’abîme que tu creuses avec tes pieds"

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  2. Merci Thierry pour ces précisions. J'ignorais en effet que ce morceau était dédiée à sa fille. Il en prend une dimension plus bouleversante encore. Son père qui lui demande de lui jouer cette chanson, était-il au courant de cette source d'inspiration et du destin de sa petite fille ?

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